Functions...

    function neatStuff () {code block};

A function is a block of code designed to perform a certain task. A JavaScript function is run when it is called (invoking the function). A JavaScript function is defined with the function keyword, followed by a name, followed by (). Function names can contain letters, numbers, and certain symbols. the parentheses may include parameter names separated by commas. The code to be executed is placed inside {}.

Objects...

    var thisIsAnObject = {key:value, key:value...};

Objects are containers similar to variables in JavaScript, except they can assign many values to a variable. The values are written as name:value pairs. The name:value pairs in JavaScript objects are called properties. The object properties can be accessed in two different ways. The first is using dot notation; objectName.propertyName. And the second is using bracket notation; objectName["propertyName"].

Arrays...

    var thisIsAnArray = [item1, item2, item3...];

Arrays in JavaScript are yet another container that are similar to variables. But they can hold more than one value at a time all under a single name (like a list), always separated by commas and stored within square brackets. The values can be accessed by referring to an index number. The code above is the easiest way to create a JavaScript Array, also referred to as an array literal.

Loops...

Loops are especially handy when you want to run the same code over and over, each time resulting in a different value. There are many differnt kinds of loops. There are;

for loops: which loops through a block of code a number of times.

    for(statement1; statement 2; statement 3) {code block
   };

    for(property in object ) {code block
   };

    while(condition) {code block
   };

    do {code block
   }
   while(condition);

Conditional Statements...

Often when code is written, you want to perform different actions for different decisions. You can use conditional statements, in your code to do this. In JavaScript there are the following types of conditional statements;

if statements: these are used to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified condition is true.

    if (condition) {code block
  };

    if (condition) {code block
    } else {code block if false
  };

    if (condition1){first code block if condition condition 1 is true 
    } else if (condition2) {second code block if condition 1 is false 
    } else {code to be executed if condition 1 and condition 2 is false
  };

 switch (expression) {
  case: 1 
  code block
  break; 
  case: 2 
  code block 
  break;
  default: 
  code block
};